近年来,户外科学探究作为儿童科学素养培育的重要途径,日益受到国内外各界重视。但是,针对儿童的户外科学探究活动仍缺乏系统性研究,一些新兴教育技术也较少应用于此类活动。本研究以温州市小学生为活动对象,设计并实践基于增强现实(Augmented Reality, AR)技术的儿童户外科学探究项目。通过实践反馈对活动效果开展分析,为今后开发基于AR技术的户外探究项目提供参考,并提出相关建议:1) 紧贴儿童兴趣与需求,有效融合AR技术于户外科学探究活动;2) 设计具体且有针对性的户外探究任务,让每个孩子都能参与并享受探索;3) 精心规划活动方案,有效控制活动中的不稳定因素;4) 加强家、校、社三方合作,提高实施效率;5) 借鉴国内外优秀的实践案例,在实践研究中不断改进。In recent years, outdoor scientific inquiry has become increasingly important as a means of cultivating children’s scientific literacy, and has received growing attention from both domestic and international communities. However, there has been a lack of systematic research on outdoor scientific inquiry activities for children, and emerging educational technologies have been less applied to such activities. This study, with Wenzhou primary school students as the activity participants, designs and implements an outdoor scientific inquiry project based on augmented reality (AR) technology. Through feedback analysis of the practice, it provides reference for future development of AR-based outdoor inquiry projects and proposes the following suggestions: 1) Effectively integrating AR technology into outdoor scientific inquiry activities by closely following children’s interests and needs;2) Designing specific and targeted outdoor inquiry tasks to enable every child to participate and enjoy exploration;3) Carefully planning the activity program to effectively control unstable factors during the activity;4) Strengthening cooperation among families,
在不同的温度条件下,采用实验生态学方法,研究了氨氮对不同年龄阶段泥蚶的急性毒性试验。经双因子方差分析表明:氨氮浓度、温度以及氨氮浓度和温度的相互作用均极显著地影响二龄和三龄泥蚶96 h的成活率。在24℃、28℃、32℃时,总氨氮对二龄泥蚶的96 h LC50分别为348.40、312.99、219.06 mg/L,SC分别为34.84、31.30、21.91 mg/L;总氨氮对三龄泥蚶的96 h LC50分别为681.25、443.20、285.84 mg/L,SC分别为68.13、44.32、28.58 mg/L。
温度驯化对变温动物的生理和行为表现会产生重要影响,不同物种的驯化反应不尽相同。红耳滑龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)为外来入侵种,在中国许多地区发现了野外种群,对当地生物多样性产生了一定程度的威胁。为了探讨红耳滑龟幼体的热适应表现,在5个恒定温度(16,20,26,32℃和36℃)下驯化幼龟30d后,检验幼龟的选择体温(Tsel),耐受低温(CTMin)、耐受高温(CTMax)和耐受温度范围(TRR),以及骨骼肌、心肌和肝脏的过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量是否受驯化温度影响。结果显示:驯化温度显著影响幼龟的Tsel、CTMin和CTMax,并随驯化温度的升高而升高,但对TRR无显著影响。驯化温度显著影响骨骼肌、心肌和肝脏的SOD活力。驯化温度显著影响肝脏的MDA含量,而对骨骼肌和心肌的MDA含量无显著影响。驯化温度显著影响心肌和肝脏的CAT活力,对骨骼肌CAT活力无显著影响。以上结果表明:温度驯化会影响红耳滑龟幼体选择体温和热耐受能力,符合越热越好假设;同时会影响组织的抗氧化能力。
