Considerable efforts have been undertaken to accelerate the breakdown of existing anthropogenic petroleum hydrocarbons （PHCs） by appropriate in situ remediation technologies. In situ phytoremediation, using higher plants to remove, stabilize, degrade, and/or metabolize hazardous contaminants, has emerged as a promising green technology for cleaning up environments contaminated with PHCs. Weed plants are generally considered to have great potential for use in phytoremediation due to their extensive fibrous root systems and relatively robust characteristics, thus helping establish a strong rhizosphere through contaminated soils. In this review, some important mechanisms involved in phytoremedation of PHC contaminated soils, including phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, and rhizodegradation, were summarized and discussed. In recent years, a large number of laboratory approaches have been developed to further enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of PHC contaminated soils. The success of these laboratory studies has encouraged researchers to attempt phytoremediation of PHC contaminated soils in the field. However, many limitations still exist in order to successfully apply laboratory experiments to trials in the field.
通过富集培养和分离纯化的方法,从天津大港油田石油污染土壤和渤海海上钻井平台洗油污水中分离出6株石油降解细菌,生理生化试验及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定表明,它们分别属于Bacillus芽胞杆菌属(S1、S2、S3、S4)、Pseudomonas假单胞菌属(W1)和Ochrobactrum苍白杆菌属(W2),其中,S3具有最高的烷烃(41.3%)和芳烃(30.9%)降解率,从石油污染场地中筛选出的内源微生物对本油田石油的降解效果优于外源物种.对4株芽胞杆菌属菌株构建微生物组进行石油降解实验,结果表明,由S1和S4构成的微生物组F3具有最高的烷烃(50.5%)和芳烃(54.0%)降解率,比单菌降解率分别提高了69.9%和156.1%,同时比最优降解单菌S3的降解率分别高出22.1%和74.6%,而由S2和S3构成的微生物组F4对烷烃和芳烃的降解率最低,分别为18.5%和18.9%,比单菌降解率降低了55.3%和39.0%,实验表明同菌属微生物种间对石油的降解同时存在协同促进和拮抗抑制作用,芽胞杆菌属内亲缘性近的菌株之间对石油降解主要表现为促进作用.
